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Paying for college without drowning in debt

Grants, aid appeals, in-state maths and the borrowing rule of thumb that keeps repayment survivable after graduation.

By Sankha NagChoudhurySeptember 14, 20268 min read

The cost of a degree is decided long before the first loan payment. Most of the leverage sits in the months around the aid offer — and in one honest question about how much borrowing the first salary can carry.

Free money first, in order

Every dollar of grant or scholarship is a dollar never repaid with interest. Work this list before considering any loan.

  • File the FAFSA as early as the cycle allows — some aid is first-come.
  • Apply for institutional, state, employer and community scholarships, including small local ones with few applicants.
  • Compare the net price, not the sticker price; a pricier school with a large grant can cost less.

Aid offers can be appealed

A financial aid offer is a starting position. A written appeal citing changed circumstances or a competing offer is normal and often works.

  • Write to the financial aid office with specifics: lost income, medical costs, or a better offer elsewhere.
  • Attach documentation and state a clear figure you need to make the school workable.
  • Ask politely, early, and follow up once.

Federal before private, always

Federal loans carry protections that private loans generally do not: income-driven repayment, deferment, and forgiveness programmes.

  • Exhaust subsidised then unsubsidised federal loans before any private borrowing.
  • Refinancing federal loans privately permanently gives up those protections.
  • Understand capitalisation — unpaid interest added to the balance grows the loan.

The borrowing rule of thumb

A common guide: total borrowing across the degree should stay at or under the realistic first-year salary for the field. Above that, repayment starts crowding out everything else.

  • Research actual starting salaries for the specific field and region, not averages across all graduates.
  • Model the monthly payment before signing, not after graduation.
  • Cutting one semester of cost — community college credits, living at home, a summer term — often beats any repayment trick later.

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