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Grow It · Bitcoin mining

Bitcoin mining: an operating business, not passive income

Mining is an industrial operation with electricity contracts, hardware depreciation, uptime risk, and thin margins. Understanding the cost structure matters far more than the headline price of Bitcoin.

The cost equation

Mining economics are driven by all-in electricity cost per kilowatt-hour, machine efficiency, uptime, pool fees, and network difficulty — all against a volatile revenue token.

  • Electricity is usually the dominant recurring cost.
  • Machine efficiency (joules per terahash) determines competitiveness.
  • Network difficulty rises as more capacity comes online, reducing revenue per machine.

Hardware and depreciation

Mining hardware is a depreciating industrial asset with limited resale value and long lead times. Buying at cycle peaks has repeatedly destroyed capital.

  • Assume aggressive depreciation in any model.
  • Warranty, repair capability, and spare parts affect real uptime.
  • Shipping, tariffs, and customs can materially change landed cost.

Hosting and self-operation

Hosting outsources power, cooling, and maintenance for a fee. Self-operation requires electrical infrastructure, cooling, noise management, permits, and monitoring.

  • Hosting contracts vary widely on curtailment, uptime guarantees, and termination rights.
  • Counterparty failure in hosting has caused total losses for customers.
  • Residential mining raises electrical, insurance, HOA, and zoning issues.

Accounting and taxes

Mined coins generally create income at receipt, with a separate capital event on later disposal. Equipment may be depreciable. Rules vary by jurisdiction.

  • Track receipt values daily; reconstruction later is painful.
  • Entity structure affects treatment of income and expenses.
  • Consult a CPA familiar with mining before beginning operations.

Mining return model

What would a mining program actually return?

Enter your power price, machine cost, fleet size and throughput. The model holds every coin you mine, pays the power bill in cash, and values the stack at the end of the term. Sample numbers come from a real 216 TH/s hosted-miner quote — change every one of them to match your own.

Your inputs

BTC price at the end of 3 years

Pick a multiple of today's price, or type your own. There is no way to know which one happens.

Exit price used: $78,000 per BTC

Net return over 3 years

$52,114

26.3% of the $198,000 hardware outlay · $52,114 if BTC ends exactly where it is today

Bitcoin mined over the term
7.7271 BTC
Value of that BTC at exit price
$602,714
Hardware cost
$198,000
Electricity over the term
$421,900
Hardware resale assumed
$69,300
Profit per day at today's price
$165.13
Electricity per day
$385.30
Cash payback at today's price
Not within 3 years
BTC price needed to break even
$71,256
Total electricity used
6,181,687 kWh

Scenario comparison at the end of 3 years

0.5x today

Exit price $39,000 · BTC value $301,357

-$249,243

0.75x today

Exit price $58,500 · BTC value $452,036

-$98,564

1x today

Exit price $78,000 · BTC value $602,714

$52,114

1.5x today

Exit price $117,000 · BTC value $904,072

$353,472

2x today

Exit price $156,000 · BTC value $1,205,429

$654,829

4x today

Exit price $312,000 · BTC value $2,410,858

$1,860,258

Want the full breakdown — every month of BTC mined, electricity paid and where your cash position turns positive? Open the full Bitcoin mining tool page.

See the full breakdown

Read this before trusting any number above

  • · Mining rewards per TH/s fall as the network grows and halve roughly every four years. Set the annual reward decline yourself; leaving it at zero is optimistic.
  • · Machines fail, hosting contracts change rates, and uptime is never 100%. This model assumes continuous running.
  • · Mined coins are taxable income at the value received, and selling them is a separate taxable event. Talk to a CPA with mining experience.
  • · Educational modelling only — not financial, tax or investment advice, and not a forecast of Bitcoin's price.
Full risk and legal disclaimer

Common questions

What decides whether mining is profitable?

The cost equation: electricity price, hardware efficiency, network difficulty, uptime and the price of the asset being mined. Any one of them moving can flip the result.

Does mining hardware hold its value?

No. Machines depreciate as newer, more efficient hardware arrives and as difficulty rises, so depreciation belongs in the calculation from day one.

Should I host machines or run them myself?

Hosting trades margin for someone else's power contract, cooling and maintenance. Self-operation keeps the margin but puts power, heat, noise and downtime on you.

How is mining treated for tax?

Mining has its own accounting and tax treatment, including how revenue and equipment are recorded. It should be set up with a CPA rather than reconstructed later.

Educational answers only — not financial, tax, legal or insurance advice.

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