Part 1
Enterprise risk management (ERM)
ERM looks at risk across the whole company — strategic, operational, financial, compliance, technology and reputation — and ties it to strategy, so management and the board agree which risks to take and which to avoid.
- Set a risk appetite: the kinds and amounts of risk the company will accept to reach its goals.
- Keep a risk register: each top risk with an owner, likelihood, impact, current controls and actions — reviewed by executives quarterly and by the board or a committee at least yearly.
- The three lines: business leaders own and manage risk; risk and compliance teams advise and monitor; internal audit gives the board independent assurance.
- Watch emerging risks: cybersecurity, AI, supply chains, dependence on key people or customers, and regulatory change.
Takeaway. Risk is not avoided; it is chosen, owned and watched.
